The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates by Harzing

‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing (1995) is a very influential article, in both academic and professional environments. People refer to it in many reasons. Starting the discussion with identifying the problem mentioned there, we are going to dwell upon the reasons why scholars and business people use this article as the basis for their research and practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main idea of the article is to explain the ways how expatriates may be successful, why multinational companies fail and what should be done in order to reduce the risky rate connected with working abroad. Dwelling upon the importance of the article, it should be pointed to the great research conducted by the author. Starting the discussion with the Buckley and Brookeâ⠂¬â„¢s (1992) statement about the rate of expatriate failure in developed and developing countries, the author gets to the discussion of the references used in the article. This gives an opportunity to understand what specific ideas pushed the authors on the data they refer to. The discussion of the references with the particular statements in the original text is a great analysis of the possible failures. Harzing (1995) used such references as Desatnick and Bennett (1978) or Holmes and Piker (1980) to understand where Buckley and Brooke’s (1992) took the numbers they used in their article. Further reading of the article and closer consideration of the references used by the authors has created a great work which has been comprised in the article. Harzing (1995) does not just review the articles devoted to the high risk rate of expatriates, he tries to understand why the research in the sphere are so numerous and why they still remain up to date. The inability of the authors to consider the reason for the problem and to find an appropriate decision makes scholars and researchers refer to the issue. Harzing (1995) tried to do all possible to find out the truth and to stop research in the field. Having considered many articles which have been devoted to the issue, Harzing (1995) also tried to find the connection between those article. Harzing (1995) reviewed many papers devoted to the empirical research about the mentioned theme. It should be said that much attention was paid to such references as Tung’s discussions, Brewster’s (1991) explanation and Mendenhall and Oddou (1988) research.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, trying to underline the importance of the article and the reasons why many scholars and business people refer to it is in the way how the data is presented. The author does not only provide the review of the article, the connection is shown which can be used for creating the cause and effect points. The final benefit of this article is the scheme which shows the dependency of the research articles and the way how and why these articles are connected. The author created a sort of a problem-tree which has created a chronological order for the research and the way how the data is connected. Therefore, having considered in detail the references used in the articles, the reasons for the numerous research on the problem may be find out. The research is so numerous not because the issue is too difficult, most of the authors just reviewed the articles of their colleagues trying to point at the problem without conducting original research for searching for the ways out. Reference List Brewster, C. (1991). The management of expatriates in multicultural corporations. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Buckley, P.J. Brooke, M. Z. (1992). International business studies. Oxford: Blackwell. De satnick, R. A., Bennett, M. L. (1978). Human resource management in the multinational countries. New York: Nichols. Harzing, A. (1995). The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates. Human Resource Management, 6, 457-475. Holmes, W., Piker, F. K. (1980). Expatriate failure: Prevention rather than cure. Personnel Management, 12, 30-33.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mendenhall, M., Oddou, G. (1988). The overseas assignment: A practical look. Business Horizons, 78-84. This essay on ‘The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates’ by Harzing was written and submitted by user Amber K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Does Seperation Shape Personality †Psychology Essay

How Does Seperation Shape Personality – Psychology Essay Free Online Research Papers How Does Seperation Shape Personality Psychology Essay One of my earliest memories is being taken to a new child minder at the age of about four by my dad. It was a big kitchen with lots of children. My dad wanted to leave me there, and I would not let him go. The child minder’s daughter took me upstairs to her room, to show me her make up, and I remember thinking, I must go back downstairs, because my dad will leave me here. When I got back downstairs, he was gone. I still have a clear picture in my head of having a tantrum in the middle of the kitchen with everyone looking at me, and writing this, I can still feel the trauma of being left there. Being separated from my parents since the age of about 2 has been a familiar experience for me. In this essay, I will explore to see how these experiences have affected my relationship with my parents, particularly my mother. I will look at my experiences in relation to Attachment Theory and speculate whether I fit into any of the attachment models, and whether our experiences of being separated from one another have shaped our relationship. My parents came to England from Turkey in the early 1970’s, and I was born in 1975 in Turkey. My dad was in England when I was born, and didn’t see me until I was eight months old. Until then, I was cared for by my mother, and her family. When I was eight months we returned back to England. As we don’t have any other family here, we have always been a very close nit family, and I spent all my time with my parents. When I was two, my mum and I went back to Turkey, and I was left there with her family again for six months, and I formed close emotional bonds with my grandmother and my aunt, who were my main caregivers. When my mum returned six months later to collect me, she describes me as being distant from her. Although I did go to her, I was reluctant to stay with her, and wanted to go back to my aunt, who I had also started referring to as ‘Mum’, but due to the strong emotional bond I initially had with my mum, meant that the relationship went bac k to being as close as it was before I had been separated from her. However, a couple more separations up until the age of six meant that the anxiety caused as a result of these separations became a familiar feeling for me, and growing up, I was clingy, and fearful of strange environments and people. I’m not sure which of the separations was most significant, but the one I remember most clearly happened when I was five. My brother, who was nearly one at the time, and I were taken to Turkey, where we were separated from my parents for a whole year. My memories from that year are very clear, but the overriding feeling was one of deep discontentment. It always felt like something was missing, and when my family talk of that time, I am always remembered as being quiet and never really happy. As I was growing up, I have always been aware of anxious feelings of being away from my parents, especially my mum. Due to their work commitments, we were never able to take family holidays together, so often my brother and I would go on holiday to Turkey without my parents. It would always take a week before I would settle into being there, and would feel quite tearful whenever I spoke to my mum on the phone. Likewise, when my parents went on holiday, and I would stay behind in England similar feelings would arise. I had, and still do to an extent have a tendency to be slightly clingy, and at times of distress, will almost always go home to my parents for comfort. After we returned from Turkey when I was almost seven, I really hated being away from my mother. I wanted to stay with her all time, and I felt unsafe when I wasn’t with her. I was always quite fearful, and I can still remember the sense of loss I felt when I wasn’t with her. I am still remembered by friends of my parents as being the well behaved little girl, who never left her mum’s side, but in hindsight, I do wonder now if that was linked to fear of being away from her. I can remember times when my mum had to work, so my brother and I would either have to go to a play scheme or to the child minders after school, and I do recall feeling afraid. When we went to play scheme after school, I would have been about nine or ten, so my brother would have been about five, I would never let him play too far away from me, as I was afraid something would happen to him, and I was often afraid of one of us being kidnapped by strangers. I would never be able to relax, or just enjoy being with other children. Looking at Bowlby’s models, at this stage I think I would have fitted into the Anxious resistant attachment, whereby the individual is always prone to separation anxiety and tends to be cling and anxious about exploring the world. Maybe if the separations had not been so consiste nt, or for such long periods of time, then maybe the closeness of our relationship would have prevented me from being so fearful of being apart from my mother. But the fact that most of the separations were quite traumatic incidents for me, I think may have contributed to my fears. There are however contradictory incidents which make me question the model’s relevance to me. At the age of eight, I went on holiday to Turkey on my own. My parents took me to the airport here, and I was picked up by my grandparents at the other end. I don’t remember being scared or fearful, or anxious about being separated from my mum at all. This also makes me think about the way I am as an adult. Although I am extremely close to my parents, and could to an extent resonate with the anxious resistant model when I was younger, it doesn’t resonate with me as I am now. Looking at the Adult Attachment Interview, I can relate to classification SST B. Even when I was younger, I still was able to form close secure attachments, especially with my teachers at school and I was very attached to my aunt when I was in Turkey. As an adult I have been fairly independent, and at times have had to fight my parents for independence. Although this could be linked to model anxious avoidant attachment, where the individual may attempt to become self sufficient, I don’t believe this is the case. Holmes (1996) however states that we autonomy is possible on the basis of an inner secure world, as believes that we can go it alone as long as we are sure that we can return to attachment and intimacy as needed, He states that we can be intimate if we feel autonomous enough not to fear engulfment and know that separation does not mean that our loved ones will be lost forever, which makes more sense to me. There is one major incident in my adult life however, where I did revisit feelings of separation and abandonment. When I was nineteen I got together with someone who was mixed race. I always knew my parents would disapprove of this relationship, being Turkish, they didn’t approve of my having boyfriends let alone non-Turkish ones. A year after of being together, I told them about my boyfriend, Paul and how I felt about him. Their reaction was not so different from how I expected it to be. They insisted that I split up with him, and there were threats of disowning me. Up until then I had generally been a ‘good, well behaved’ daughter, and would generally do as I was told. This time however, I wouldn’t. My relationship with Paul had been quite up and down, but something was keeping me there, and even during the most difficult times with Paul, where there was no real relationship to save, I was still hanging on, and fighting my parents. Paul was adopted and a lready had issues of rejection which I was well aware of, and I felt a strong sense of responsibility to not let him down. My parents didn’t carry out their threat to disown me until three years later when I moved in with Paul. By then I had got used to the arguments. They would tell me I had to split up with him, or they would disown me, and I would refuse, eventually they would back down, for a while and then it would start again. They always said they would never accept the relationship. Things changed when I moved in with him. This time they were very serious about disowning me, although they did say that they would try and accept the relationship if I just didn’t move in with him, which was what I had been wanting all along anyway. However it was too little too late, and so I moved in with Paul. He had just bought a new flat and we were decorating it together. I will never forget the phone conversation I had with my mum, where she told me they no longer had a daug hter†¦.. I didn’t cry initially, I was very calm on the phone. I quietly walked downstairs. Paul opened his arms and told me he was there for me. At least I was making someone happy. Until then Paul and I had been arguing because he had felt that I wasn’t doing enough to fight for him. He had wanted me to disown my parents for him. Well now they had disowned me. The separation lasted a few months. Paul and I always got on well when I was having problems with my parents, so I became quite attached to him during those times. It felt very wrong in this situation. I hadn’t done anything wrong, yet I was being punished, and was expected to be understanding towards everyone’s needs. But no one seemed understanding towards mine. No one was hearing my voice, yet I was being blamed for everything. Eventually my parents started talking to me again. They still weren’t openly accepting, and were refusing to meet him, but they had stopped telling me to split up with him. I was always trying to be there for Paul as well, and thought that by not giving him up, no matter how much suffering I went through, or no matter what he did, I could show him that I wasn’t going to abandon him. I was also afraid that Paul was going to leave me, as he had affairs whilst we were together, and whenever I tried to leave him because of these he would beg and plead me not to leave him. And the one time he wanted to leave me, I wouldn’t let him. I felt I had put in too much effort for him to leave me. I did eventually leave him, not because of my parents, or because I found out about another affair. My parents did actually accept the relationship after five and a half years! We got engaged, and as soon as that happened, something in me changed. Maybe the challenge was over! I don’t know. 6 months after I first had that feeling I met someone else. He had walked into my life and he promised me a fairytale! The fairytale never happened. I’m struggling with relating all this to my childhood experiences, and applying it all to attachment theory. I know these were all hugely significant times in my life, and I can see certain patterns and consistencies in these situations. When I chose to write about my separation in relation to attachment theory, I envisaged a particular outcome. I assumed I would be Anxious Insecure Avoidant. I now think I’m secure. Although I have brought up the subject of my separation from my parents and subsequent problems in my relationships in my therapy sessions, it was never really explored in a psychoanalytic way therefore I am uncertain as to how I have moved from one model to another, or if they apply to me at all. I was unsure how to write this essay, as I wasn’t writing about attachment from a clinical perspective, and have found it difficult to apply the theory to my own experiences. However, what I did want to do was to speculate how my separation from my parents would have affected my personality development. And having re read this paper, I do feel like I have brought up certain issues as though I was in a therapeutic session. I guess if this was a therapy session, it would be over to the therapist now†¦..! 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Linearbandkeramik Culture - The First Farmers of Europe

Linearbandkeramik Culture - The First Farmers of Europe The Linearbandkeramik Culture (also called Bandkeramik or Linear Pottery Ceramic Culture or simply abbreviated LBK) is what German archaeologist F. Klopfleisch called the first true farming communities in central Europe, dated between about 5400 and 4900 BC. Thus, LBK is considered the first Neolithic culture in the European continent. The word Linearbandkeramik refers to the distinctive banded decoration found on pottery vessels on sites spread throughout central Europe, from south-western Ukraine and Moldova in the east to the Paris Basin in the west. In general, LBK pottery consists of fairly simple bowl forms, made of local clay tempered with organic material, and decorated with curved and rectilinear lines incised in bands. The LBK people are considered the importers of agricultural products and methods, moving the first domesticated animals and plants from the Near East and Central Asia into Europe. Lifestyles of the LBK The very earliest LBK sites have loads of pottery sherds with limited evidence of agriculture or stock-breeding. Later LBK sites are characterized by longhouses with rectangular plans, incised pottery, and a blade technology for chipped stone tools. The tools include raw material of high-quality flints including a distinctive chocolate flint from southern Poland, Rijkholt flint from the Netherlands and traded obsidian. Domesticated crops used by the LBK culture include emmer and einkorn wheat, crab apple, peas, lentils, flax, linseed, poppies,  and barley. Domestic animals include cattle, sheep and goats, and occasionally a pig or two. The LBK lived in small villages along streams or waterways characterized by large longhouses, buildings used for keeping livestock, sheltering people and providing workspace. The rectangular longhouses were between 7 and 45 meters long and between 5 and 7 meters wide. They were built of massive timber posts chinked with wattle and daub mortar. LBK cemeteries are found a short distance away from the villages, and, in general, are marked by single flexed burials accompanied by grave goods. However, mass burials are known at some sites, and some cemeteries are located within communities. Chronology of the LBK The earliest LBK sites are found in the Starcevo-Koros culture of the Hungarian plain, around 5700 BC. From there, the early LBK spreads separately east, north and west. The LBK reached the Rhine and Neckar valleys of Germany about 5500 BC. The people spread into Alsace and the Rhineland by 5300 BC. By the mid-5th millennium BC, La Hoguette Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and LBK immigrants shared the region and, eventually, only LBK was left. Linearbandkeramik and Violence There seems to be considerable evidence that relationships between the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe and the LBK migrants were not entirely peaceful. Evidence for violence exists at many LBK village sites. Massacres of whole villages and portions of villages appear to be in evidence at sites such as Talheim, Schletz-Asparn, Herxheim, and Vaihingen. Mutilated remains suggesting cannibalism have been noted at Eilsleben and Ober-Hogern. The westernmost area appears to have the most evidence for violence, with about one-third of the burials showing evidence of traumatic injuries. Further, there is a fairly high number of LBK villages that evidence some kind of fortification efforts: an enclosing wall, a variety of ditch forms, complex gates. Whether this resulted from direct competition between local hunter-gatherers and competing LBK groups is under investigation; this kind of evidence can only be partly helpful. However, the presence of violence on Neolithic sites in Europe is under some amount of debate. Some scholars have dismissed the notions of violence, arguing that the burials and the traumatic injuries are evidence of ritual behaviors​, not inter-group warfare. Some stable isotope studies have noted that some mass burials are of non-local people; some evidence of slavery has also been noted. Diffusion of Ideas or People? One of the central debates among scholars about the LBK is whether the people were migrant farmers from the Near East or local hunter-gatherers who adopted the new techniques. Agriculture, animal and plant domestication both, originated in the Near East and Anatolia. The earliest farmers were the Natufians and Pre-Pottery Neolithic groups. Were the LBK people direct descendants of the Natufians or were they others who were taught about the agriculture? Genetic studies suggest that the LBK were genetically separate from the Mesolithic people, arguing for a migration of the LBK people into Europe, at least originally. LBK Sites The earliest LBK sites are located in the modern Balkan states about 5700 BC. Over the next few centuries, the sites are found in Austria, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and eastern France. France: Berry-au-Bac, Merzbachtal, Cuiry-les-ChaudardesBelgium: Blicquy, VerlaineGermany: Meindling, Schwanfeld, Vaihingen, Talheim, Flomborn, Aiterhofen, Dillingen, HerxheimUkraine: Buh-DniestrianRussia: Rakushechnyi YarNetherlands: Swifterbant, Brandwijk-Kerkhof

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II - Essay Example This means that the buttons are stitched onto the right half and the buttonholes are on the left. There could be two or three buttons, which factor has an interesting role to play as I shall show later. Purely as a matter of interest, the item of male clothing that has the maximum number of manufacturing operations done on it is the coat, twenty-seven separate operations (www.stitchworld.net). The best way to put on a coat is to have an assistant standing behind you holding the coat at the level of your neck. He clasps both shoulders of the coat, one in each hand. Using his right hand, he opens up the front half of the right side, so that the armhole is clearly visible and positioned slightly below your right hand. After you slide your right arm fully into the right sleeve, he opens up the left half with the buttonhole slightly above your left arm, so that you have to reach upwards to slide your left arm into the sleeve. I will stop here, as all subsequent actions are the same as those carried out by you without an assistant. When you have to put on your coat by yourself, the best method is to start by laying the coat on its back on a bed. With your left hand, hold the collar facing you (the right collar when worn) between your thumb and the other four fingers and slide your right arm into the sleeve, gathering the coat as you stand up. Bring your bunched left fist up to touch your right cheek, fold your right arm so that you can use the fingers on your right hand to replace the left. Now move your fist backwards towards the center of your neck. This will help you to locate the left armhole with your free left hand. Slide your left arm in. The most widely used method is when you have just a coat and nothing else. Again, with your left hand, hold the collar facing you between your thumb and the other four fingers, but at the spot directly above the center of the armhole. The armhole should be visible to you at a

Economic History of Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Economic History of Europe - Essay Example However, in the late 13 century the economy started to decline due to land shortages, overpopulation and depleted soils for food production and other agricultural activities. Conversely, the vast famine of the 1315-17 contributed immensely to the decline in economic growth and development resulting in stoppage of population growth. Agriculture also shrank further; profits declined as prices reduced in 1348 due to the Black Death outbreak in which almost half of the population of England was killed, thus plaguing the gains the economy had achieved further. England faced similar economic challenges just like the rest of Europe that were characterized by rapid inflation as a result of loss of real wages and an increase in New World golds. To understand further the how stagnant the economy of England was during the pre-industrial revolution era, the Malthusian theory of income determination cannot be ignored. In England, during the pre-industrial era, which was between 1200 -1640, living standards were dictated by the population (Nicholas and Steckel, 1991). According to Malthusian, decrease in population led to the increase in the per capita income in England. Malthusian also stated that the tradeoff between mortality rate and fertility rate determined the income in the pre-industrial economy. The model shows how the economy of England was, thus stagnant by the following assumptions developed by Malthusian (Galor and Wepl, 1999). The birth rate, mortality rate and the living standards among the ancient people were the three assumptions that Malthusian used to explain why the economy was stagnant. Birth rate increased the population in England, which in return led to the decrease in the living standards among the people (Galor and Weil, 1999). On the other hand, the death rate that resulted in the decrease in population, led to the increase and improvement in the living standards among the people in England. The three assumptions, which are also referred to

Cosmetic Surgery Essay Example for Free

Cosmetic Surgery Essay Cosmetic surgery is not solving the problem at route. The problem is the perception that the mind has on what is important. All cosmetic surgery is doing is changing the appearance but not the mental state. Someone who has such a mental disposition to these illnesses will have their offending extremity changed, but they will ultimately always find something they are not happy with. Instead of cosmetic surgery, these people should be offered psychological help. Cosmetic surgery only masks the inner problem. Only in some cases, does it help individuals. Candidates seeking plastic surgery should be routinely screened for mental health problems because of the risk to health, botched surgery, and the need for nobler causes rather than vanity. Plastic, reconstructive, and cosmetic surgery refer to a variety of operations performed in order to repair or restore body parts to look normal, or to change a body part to look better (Espejo 21). They all share common techniques and approaches but have their differences. Plastic surgery is known to repair a body after disfiguring accidents or severe burns such as car accidents or house fires (22). Reconstruction surgery is performed to improve function such as to correct birth defects, infections, or illnesses like breast cancer or tumors (22). It is most likely to be performed in a hospital and be covered by insurance unlike cosmetic surgery where it is not covered by insurance and is done in a surgeon’s office. Cosmetic surgery procedures are performed in order to enhance a person’s appearance to please them (22). It is practice by a variety of doctors from different medical fields. Examples of popular cosmetic surgeries are, Abdominoplasty: reshaping and firming of the abdomen, breast augmentations: increasing breast size, and Rhinoplasty: reshaping of the nose. All three of these procedures are used to reshape, repair, lift, or tuck certain areas of the body or face. Mental health screenings should be mandatory because of possible psychiatric disorders, risk for suicide, and an unstable mental health status. Researchers have discovered that â€Å"22% of all deaths were associated with suicide, psychological disorders, and/or drug and alcohol abuse† (Espejo 76). Breast implants have led to the tripled suicide rates in women and is higher for women forty-five and older (75). Due to possible psychiatric disorders increased screening and monitoring need to take place. Counseling could be in order too because drug and alcohol dependence is usually in use for women (76). Screening the mental health status of a candidate for mood or body image disorders would assure that they are psychiatrically stable and would clear them for surgery. In addition to mental health screenings, observing office behavior of a potential client may caution the surgeon to reconsider them. Under an hour long consultation should take place, which could be a fraud of who they really are by just trying to impress the surgeon to receive the plastic surgery. Therefore, patients who behave differently around a nurse need to be noted and risky behavior such as appointment changes, outside appointments, and only wanting to speak with the surgeon (77). All surgeries, including plastic, reconstruction, or cosmetic surgery, involve risks. General surgical risks are infections, bleeding, reactions to anesthesia, and scarring (Alagna 31). Reactions to anesthesia can result in brain, nerve, or eye damage, a stroke, heart attack, or death (31). All three forms of these surgeries can leave appalling scars on the body, varying in color and taking longer than normal to fade. If scars remain visible further surgery can be done to correct the scar or steroids can be used (33). Plastic surgery risks include the general risks as well as others. These risks include pneumonia, pain, anemia, fat embolisms, rejection of skin grafts, and numbness (31-32). There are risks of fatal surgeries that can occur by having heart difficulties, reacting to medications, and flu like symptoms (33). More in depth common procedure risks are known to follow after procedures such as breast augmentation and liposuction. Breast augmentation is a common surgery in women to increase the size of their breasts. Liposuction is a technique of removing excess fat from under the skin by suction. In 1992 the FDA banned silicone implants from breast augmentation because â€Å"they could lead to health problems† and â€Å"will need them removed within ten years† (Petersen). This ban was due to rupturing implants and the potential to cause disease. Rupturing and leaking is not the only threat of breast augmentation because they could be uneven, cause pain, scar or capsule, or swell (Alagna 36). All of these risks can lead to multiple surgeries and thousands of dollars. Liposuction is one of the most common killers in plastic surgery by deaths resulting 1 in 5,000 (38). Blood clots and heart failure are the main causes of death. These surgical procedures can result in complications ranging from an unattractive or unnatural final result, to scarring or even death. The general population of all women wants the Hollywood look for a bargain deal. They always believe that the horror stories they hear on television will never happen to them but botched plastic surgery can happen to anyone if the right precautions are not taken. Unfortunately precautions are not taken because there are horror stories of botched surgeries. Due to liposuction going wrong, many deaths have occurred because of cardiac arrest, too much tumescent fluid, and blood clots (Alagna 50). One woman named Sandra Ciuffreda shared her horror story about having about five gallons of fat removed. Once out of surgery she had become fragile and discovered she was left with a very noticeable scar (51). Other stories have been shared by women who have had cosmetic surgery gone wrong. An eighteen year old named Julia had undergone two nose jobs with scars left behind and has had her lips redone three different times (52). Another woman named Ellen Ross also encountered botched cosmetic surgery. It began with her just wanting thinner thighs but then was manipulated into thinking she needed her breasts done as well. Ross experienced terrifying results saying, â€Å"I had lumps next to my breasts† (53). In order to correct this surgeon’s mistake she had to undergo eight separate surgeries due to infections and scars and was put back thousands of dollars (52). A graph displays where only XXIII percent of patients come back for more surgery and only XXXVIII percent have multiple procedures done at once nationwide (Tevlin). This can conclude that the surgery was either bad or unneeded. In order to avoid these horror stories, research plastic surgery, have a thorough consultation to be informed about how to stay safe and request for a second, and ask the plastic surgeon about his or her experience and medical training. There is more to experiencing plastic surgery than just for vanity. It can be utilized for more noble causes such as birth defects, disfiguring injuries, reconstruction, and health benefits. Children with birth defects such as cleft palate or ear deformities can benefit from a â€Å"healthy dose† of plastic surgery procedure to correct their defect (Oshaba). Most cleft palates are repaired through specialized plastic surgery techniques, improving the child’s ability to eat, speak, hear and breathe, and to restore a more normal appearance and function. They will be able to grow up feeling more normal due to plastic surgery. Plastic surgery procedures are considered for reconstruction of deformities or from trauma from an accident or illness. Patients who have been in a car wreck can have reconstruction surgery to fix the damaged parts with parts from someone else (Espejo 22). Reconstructive plastic surgery is also accepted in cases where illness such as cancer have women seeking reconstructive breast surgery or to relieve back pain if painfully too large. It can benefit your health if you are overweight. Many people have suffered from obesity and then lost enormous amounts of weight leaving them the need to repair their body or have trouble losing weight. Dr. Jerome Muhumuza a medical doctor says, â€Å"†¦cosmetic surgery can help save your life or at least reduce the risk of health complications† (Oshaba). A gastric bypass is one of the recommended surgeries for those who are overweight or just liposuction in general (Oshaba). A gastric bypass is a surgical operation that involves reducing the size of the stomach and reconnecting the smaller stomach to bypass the first portion of the small intestine so as to restrict food intake and reduce caloric absorption in cases of severe obesity. All surgeries previously mentioned are ways to improve one’s health. Plastic surgery can also encourage and promote a strong, positive self-image with people with clinically proven depression (Weintraub). Even a small change on the outside can create an extraordinary change on the inside, allowing an individuals self-confidence to flourish. Therefore, there is a connection between mood, self-esteem and depression. Plastic surgery can be very beneficial by not only enhancing self-esteem, but curing depression. By just treating someone with Botox a change can occur within them (Weintraub). Surgery, whether it is plastic, reconstruction, or cosmetic has its pros and cons. It can lead to a lot of problems in the future that could affect you physically and mentally, and it has become a doorway to beauty for some people. Many have succumbed to the risks; therefore proper research and preparation are necessary for the surgery. There have been many people that have gone through it and feel worse after and keep striving for perfection but end up becoming a statistic. In some cases, cosmetic surgery does help individuals. Procedures like skin grafts on burn victims, or the correcting of an abnormal feature on the human body. These procedures help people feel more normal. This is how cosmetic surgery was first used. Then people started to use cosmetic surgery, not to look merely normal, but to look perfect. This type of surgery is not healthy and that is why mental health screenings should be mandatory due to health risks, botched surgeries, and the need for nobler causes.

The Big Sleep Movie and Novel :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

The Big Sleep Movie and Novel On first inspection of Raymond Chandler's novel, The Big Sleep, the reader discovers that the story unravels quickly through the narrative voice of Philip Marlowe, the detective hired by the Sternwood family of Los Angeles to solve a mystery for them. The mystery concerns the General Sternwood's young daughter, and a one Mr. A. G. Geiger. Upon digging for the answer to this puzzle placed before Marlowe for a mere fee of $25 dollars a day plus expenses, Marlowe soon finds layers upon layers of mystifying events tangled in the already mysterious web of lies and deception concerning the Sternwood family, especially the two young daughters. When reading the novel, it is hard to imagine the story without a narrator at all. It certainly seems essential for the story's make-up to have this witty, sarcastic voice present to describe the sequence of events. Yet, there is a version of Chandler's novel that does not have an audible storyteller, and that version is the 1946 movie directed by Howard Hawks. Hawks' version of The Big Sleep is known to be one of the best examples of the film genre-film noir. "Film noir (literally 'black film,' from French critics who noticed how dark and black the looks and themes were of these films) is a style of American films which evolved in the 1940s." (The Internet Movie Database LTD). Film noir typically contains melancholy, and not so moral themes. Another characteristic of film noir is just because the main character has the title hero, that does not mean that he will always be alive at the end of the book, or that the hero is always "good." Marlowe in The Big Sleep is a prime example of this concept. In the novel it is questionable how lawfully moral he actually is, concerning the situation of turning Carmen into the police for killing Sean Regan. This aspect of Marlowe's character added yet another difficult task of formatting The Big Sleep to the big screen-the question of how the audience (media) might react to such a personality trait was now placed before the writing staff (IE production codes). The Big Sleep Movie and Novel :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast The Big Sleep Movie and Novel On first inspection of Raymond Chandler's novel, The Big Sleep, the reader discovers that the story unravels quickly through the narrative voice of Philip Marlowe, the detective hired by the Sternwood family of Los Angeles to solve a mystery for them. The mystery concerns the General Sternwood's young daughter, and a one Mr. A. G. Geiger. Upon digging for the answer to this puzzle placed before Marlowe for a mere fee of $25 dollars a day plus expenses, Marlowe soon finds layers upon layers of mystifying events tangled in the already mysterious web of lies and deception concerning the Sternwood family, especially the two young daughters. When reading the novel, it is hard to imagine the story without a narrator at all. It certainly seems essential for the story's make-up to have this witty, sarcastic voice present to describe the sequence of events. Yet, there is a version of Chandler's novel that does not have an audible storyteller, and that version is the 1946 movie directed by Howard Hawks. Hawks' version of The Big Sleep is known to be one of the best examples of the film genre-film noir. "Film noir (literally 'black film,' from French critics who noticed how dark and black the looks and themes were of these films) is a style of American films which evolved in the 1940s." (The Internet Movie Database LTD). Film noir typically contains melancholy, and not so moral themes. Another characteristic of film noir is just because the main character has the title hero, that does not mean that he will always be alive at the end of the book, or that the hero is always "good." Marlowe in The Big Sleep is a prime example of this concept. In the novel it is questionable how lawfully moral he actually is, concerning the situation of turning Carmen into the police for killing Sean Regan. This aspect of Marlowe's character added yet another difficult task of formatting The Big Sleep to the big screen-the question of how the audience (media) might react to such a personality trait was now placed before the writing staff (IE production codes).